Pengelompokkan kebakaran menurut peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Nomor 04/MEN/1980 Bab I Pasal 2, ayat 1 mengkalisikasikan kebakaran menjadi 4 yaitu katagori A,B,C,D. Sedangkan National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) menetapkan 5 katagori jenis penyebab kebakaran, yaitu kelas A, B, C, D dan K. Bahkan beberapa Negara menetapkan tambahan klasikasi dengan kelas E.
Klasifikasi tersebut adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Kebakaran Klas A
Adalah kebakaran yang menyangkut benda-benda padat kecuali logam. Contoh : Kebakaran kayu, kertas, kain, plastik, dsb.
Alat/media pemadam yang tepat untuk memadamkan kebakaran klas ini adalah dengan : pasir, tanah/lumpur, tepung pemadam, foam (busa) dan air .
2. Kebakaran Klas B
Kebakaran bahan bakar cair atau gas yang mudah terbakar.
Contoh : Kerosine, solar, premium (bensin), LPG/LNG, minyak goreng.
Alat pemadam yang dapat dipergunakan pada kebakaran tersebut adalah Tepung pemadam (dry powder), busa (foam), air dalam bentuk spray/kabut yang halus.
3. Kebakaran Klas C
Kebakaran instalasi listrik bertegangan. Seperti : Breaker listrik dan alat rumah tangga lainnya yang menggunakan listrik.
Alat Pemadam yang dipergunakan adalah : Carbondioxyda (CO2), tepung kering (dry chemical). Dalam pemadaman ini dilarang menggunakan media air.
4. Kebakaran Klas D
Kebakaran pada benda-benda logam padat seperti : magnesum, alumunium, natrium, kalium, dsb.
Alat pemadam yang dipergunakan adalah : pasir halus dan kering, dry powder khusus.
5. Kebakaran Klas K
kebakaran yang disebabkan oleh bahan akibat konsentrasi lemak yang tinggi. Kebakaran jenis ini banyak terjadi di dapur. Api yang timbul didapur dapat dikategorikan pada api Klas B.
6. Kebakaran kelas E
Kebakaran yang disebabkan oleh adanya hubungan arus pendek pada peralatan elektronik. Alat pemadam yang bisa digunakan untuk memadamkan kebakaran jenis ini dapat juga menggunakan tepung kimia kering (dry powder), akan tetapi memiliki resiko kerusakan peralatan elektronik, karena dry powder mempunyai sifat lengket. Lebih cocok menggunakan pemadam api berbahan clean agent
Penting untuk mengetahui pengelompokan kebakaran ini agar kita dapat menentukan alat pemadam api apa yang digunakan. Bila pemadam api yang kita gunakan salah maka upaya pemadaman api akan mengalami kegagalan
Contoh : Kebakaran Klas C (listrik) jangan dipadamkan dengan alat pemadam jenis cair, seperti : air/busa, maka si pemadam itu sendiri akan terkena aliran listrik, karena air/busa adalah penghantar listrik.
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